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全国05年4月外刊经贸知识选读试题(1)
-vaunted “soft landing” is cleaning not in the cards. Recovery is further away than many people imagine, and it will be slow and erratic when it does come.
Alarmed at the rapid asset-price inflation of the mid-1980s, bureaucrats intervened to head off a crash. Unfortunately, the economy didn’t cooperate. Asset prices tumbled precipitously, with the real estate and stock markets embarking on a steady slide that many believe has yet to hit bottom.
Japan dipped decidedly into recession as GDP fell 0.2％ in the second quarter of 1992, 0.4% in the third and 0.3% in the fourth. Industrial output shrank 6.1% last year. Now we’re starting to see bankruptcies by industrial and service companies. The recession is no longer&nbs
共8 p;confined to the bubble economy-it has entered the real economy.
Japanese companies do have an impressive track record of responding to crisis situations. They rebounded very quickly from the oil-price shock in 1973 and more recently offset the rising Yen by boosting productivity and shifting operations overseas.
This time around, however, they face a much harder and longer road to recovery. Recession is going to be very difficult for Japan.
The restructuring trend may itself exacerbate the problem. To try to shore up faltering profits, companies will slash capital investment and employee benefits. This in turn will further damage consumer confidence. Around 20% of Japan’s GNP comes from business investment, with a whopping 60% from consumer spending.
Consumer confidence has also been hurt by layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses. For a long time there have been more new job offers than there were seekers, but this has fallen recently. For most Japanese this is an extraordinary occurrence.
Statements:
47. Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. Here“the most wrenching adjustment”means“the most painless adjustment”.
（ ）
48. As GNP fell successively and there are bankruptcies in some companies, we can say for certain that the economy is undoubtedly in recession.（
共8 ; ）
49. Japanese industries were known to be remarkably flexible in adjusting to economic crisis. This time it’s going to be very difficult for them to emerge from recession. （ ）
50. Consumer confidence is vitally important to Japan’s economy, because employee benefits were slashed.（ ）
51. The recent occurrence of layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses is quite unusual to most Japanese, as for a long time there have been more job offers than seekers. （ ）
VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)
Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.
共8
Alarmed at the rapid asset-price inflation of the mid-1980s, bureaucrats intervened to head off a crash. Unfortunately, the economy didn’t cooperate. Asset prices tumbled precipitously, with the real estate and stock markets embarking on a steady slide that many believe has yet to hit bottom.
Japan dipped decidedly into recession as GDP fell 0.2％ in the second quarter of 1992, 0.4% in the third and 0.3% in the fourth. Industrial output shrank 6.1% last year. Now we’re starting to see bankruptcies by industrial and service companies. The recession is no longer&nbs
共8 p;confined to the bubble economy-it has entered the real economy.
Japanese companies do have an impressive track record of responding to crisis situations. They rebounded very quickly from the oil-price shock in 1973 and more recently offset the rising Yen by boosting productivity and shifting operations overseas.
This time around, however, they face a much harder and longer road to recovery. Recession is going to be very difficult for Japan.
The restructuring trend may itself exacerbate the problem. To try to shore up faltering profits, companies will slash capital investment and employee benefits. This in turn will further damage consumer confidence. Around 20% of Japan’s GNP comes from business investment, with a whopping 60% from consumer spending.
Consumer confidence has also been hurt by layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses. For a long time there have been more new job offers than there were seekers, but this has fallen recently. For most Japanese this is an extraordinary occurrence.
Statements:
47. Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. Here“the most wrenching adjustment”means“the most painless adjustment”.
（ ）
48. As GNP fell successively and there are bankruptcies in some companies, we can say for certain that the economy is undoubtedly in recession.（
共8 ; ）
49. Japanese industries were known to be remarkably flexible in adjusting to economic crisis. This time it’s going to be very difficult for them to emerge from recession. （ ）
50. Consumer confidence is vitally important to Japan’s economy, because employee benefits were slashed.（ ）
51. The recent occurrence of layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses is quite unusual to most Japanese, as for a long time there have been more job offers than seekers. （ ）
VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)
Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.
共8
