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07年考研英语考前冲刺系列讲座(五)

减小字体 增大字体 作者:佚名  来源:不详  发布时间:2007-8-13 4:41:24

07年考研英语考前冲刺系列讲座(五)

06年翻译祥解

 

单句分析:

  46. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems.

  我会把"知识分子"定义为这样的人,他们把以苏格拉底的方式来思考道德问题的活动作为人生的主要任务和乐趣。

  简要分析:结构方面,定语从句这个传统考点又出现了。鉴于句子较长,可以分为两部分,即主句与定语从句。在定语从句中,词组"elect...as"(把......作为)的宾语比较长,因此宾语补足语被前置了。即本来是elect A as B这样一个结构,但由于A太长,最终变成了elect as B A这样一个结构,即elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life (B) the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems(A). 同样的结构,以往也曾考过,比如2003年第65题,本来是make something possible,但由于something以及它的修饰成分太长,结果变成了make possible something (which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding)。

  另外,本句中有几个词,翻译时省略也无妨,比如"an individual"和"activity",所以句子也可以译为:

  我对"知识分子"的定义如下:以苏格拉底的方式来思考道德问题并以此作为人生主要任务和乐趣的人。

  47. His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

  知识分子的作用与法官类似,后者必须接受如下义务,即以尽可能浅显的方式揭示导致他做出某一决定的推理过程。

  简要分析:结构方面,本句同样考到定语从句。建议第一个定语从句分译,第二个合译。主句部分相对容易,只有"analogous"算是个难词。但是有上下文"to that (function) of a judge"这本身就显示"his function"和"that of a judge"之间是某种类比关系。而此处的"analogous"正是"类似"的意思。

  从句的翻译是有一定难度的。讲课时,我一再说过,理解长难句,关键是找出主干。本句定语从句的主干就是"who must accept the obligation",而"obligation"后面全部是修饰成分--整个定语从句是从句套从句的复杂结构,无法很好地融合在同一个修饰成分中,所以不妨采取后置法,通过重复先行词把本句定语从句译成:"后者(即法官-作者注)必须接受如下(这一)义务,即......"。

  此外,这个定语从句对语言的运用能力要求更高,比如"in as obvious a manner as possible"是"reveal"(揭示)的"manner"(方式),因此,本结构亦可作"in a manner as obvious as possible"(以尽可能浅显的方式)。

  再比如,"revealing"的宾语本来是"the course of reasoning which led him to this decision",但中间插入了较长的方式状语"in as obvious a manner as possible",这就给理解造成一定困难。

  最后,which led him to this decision是一个简短的定语从句,可以作为一个修饰成分。因此我们不妨采用前置法,把该定语从句作为中心词的修饰语。

  48. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

  我把一般科学家排除在外了,这是因为,尽管他们的成就可能有助于解决道德问题,但他们只有义务研究这些问题的事实层面。

  简要分析:结构方面,句子虽长,可是理解还是比较简单的。主要是主句加上一个本身带有让步状语从句的原因状语从句。在原因状语从句部分中,难点在于"he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems"这一部分。在any but这个结构中,but相当于except,因此,字面意思是:他没有被赋予接触这些问题中事实部分以外的其它部分的任务。说得简单点,就是"仅被赋予了研究这些问题中与事实相关的层面。"稍微结合上下文,可以看出,本句的意思是:没人指望科学家研究问题的道德层面,我们只要求他们研究问题的事实层面。

  49. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

  但是,如同人们没有期待商人致力于思考商业界的行为准则一样,一般科学家的主要任务也不是思考控制其活动的道德规范。

  简要分析:结构方面,这个句子虽然考了一个传统考点,即定语从句,但实际上难点是"not any more than"这样一个比较结构。具体到本句,大致的框架必须是:如同人们没有期待商人......,一般科学家的主要任务也不是......。有了这个大致框架,整个句子不会有什么问题了。

  50. They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

  他们可能教得很好,而且可能不仅为了谋生而教书,但是他们中的大多数人对于涉及道德判断的人类问题几乎或者根本没有进行过独立的思考。

  简要分析:结构方面,考了一个简短的定语从句。此外,more than earn their salaries的理解偏难,明显考大家的语言功底。其实这个句子有省略,补全了是:They may teach very well, and they may teach more than earn their salaries,这样意思就比较明显了:知识分子可能教得很好,而且有可能不光为了谋生而教书。

  其它难点:

  Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?

  简要分析:注意下面全文译文中形式主语的处理,前已详解,兹不赘述。

  "Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts," as Emerson would say, "is something else."

  简要分析:引用某个人的话时,通常的表达方

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