2007考研英语强化班授课讲义(九)

ere developed exclusively by Chinese immigrants in New York
  B. were frequently joint endeavors by members of two or three different ethnic groups
  C. had to be relied on by the Chinese because they could not borrow money from commercial banks
  D. provided a big portion of the investment capital for Chinese immigrants in New York in the early 20th century

5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the Irish building and loan associations _________.

  A. originated as offshoots of church-related groups      B. were started by third-or fourth-generation immigrants
  C. helped employ many Irish construction workers      D. enabled Irish entrepreneurs to finance manufacturing  

Text  2

    In 1997 the prestigious Ewha Women’s University in Seoul, Korea, announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in Asia. Few academic programs have ever received such public attention. In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economic development. Even supporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, similar to airlines, electricity, and the assembly line. The founders of the program, however, realized that neither view was correct. They had some reservations about the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia and felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approach has thus far yielded important critiques of Western theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.
  
    For instance, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that  Freudian theory assumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation of the individual, independent of society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society. In the Freudian family drama, family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each other －father against son and mother against daughter. Such a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities. But in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the independent self. The Western model of personality development does not explain major characteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The “self” is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men and women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion. The ideal is one of interdependency.
   
    In such a context, what is recognized as “dependency” in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception of men’s and women’s psychology because men are also “dependent”. In Korean culture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.  (451 words)

    Notes: prestigious 有声望的。national identity 民族性。feminist 女权主义的。thus far 至今。 be informed by 被…贯穿。culture-bound 受文化限制的。psyche 心灵。project … onto 把…投射到…上，使…反映在…上。social being 社会存在。well-being 幸福。equilibrium 平衡。bear on 影响…。masculinity 男子气。kinship-based 亲属为基础的。

1. Some of the supporters of the Ewha women’s studies program __________.

  A. assumed that the program would be based on the uncritical adoption of Western theories
  B. failed to show concern for the issues of national unification and economic development
  C. were unfamiliar with Western feminist theories and their important roles in social life
  D. were not themselves scholars in the field of women’s studies and had no idea about them

2. According to paragraph 2, the Western feminist critique of Freudian theory __________.

    A. fails to address the issue of competitiveness in Western society
    B. recognizes the influence of Western culture on Freudian theory
    C. acknowledges the universality of the nuclear, male-headed family
    D. challenges Freudian analysis of the women’s role in Western society
 
3. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the Ewha women’s studies group holds that __________.

  A. personality development occurs in identifiable stages from childhood to adulthood
  B. any theory of personality development, in order to be valid, must be univer