2007考研英语强化班授课讲义(九)

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  C. personality development is influenced by the characteristics of the society a person lives in
  D. personality development is hindered if a person is not permitted to be independent

4. By referring to “dependency” in the last paragraph, the author intends to show           .

  A. the betrayal of masculinity in Western culture
  B. the characteristics of kinship-based Korean culture
  C. the compatible attitude of parents towards their children
  D. the distinction between the Western culture and the Korean culture

5. Which of the following best summarizes the content of the text?

  A. A critique of a particular women’s studies program.
  B. A brief history of Korean women’s studies program.
  C. An assessment of a particular women’s studies program.
  D. A report of work in social theory done by a particular women’s studies program. 转贴于：博学在线_考研

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Word  Study

1. dismiss (下课)让走掉，使（会）解散；解雇；打消（想法），不考虑；认为（不重要）而不加考虑：
1) The teacher dismissed the class ten minutes earlier. (老师提前10分钟下课了。) 
2) No lecturer may be dismissed from his post for misconduct without proper inquiry being held. (没有进行好好的调查就认为行为不端是不可以解聘老师的。) 
3) She did her best to dismiss the thoughts. (她尽力打消这些想法。) 
4) He dismissed the suggestion with a shake of his head. (他摇摇头不考虑这项建议。) 
5) He just laughed, and dismissed the idea as unimportant. (他只是大笑，认为这个主意不重要而不加考虑。) 
6) He dismissed the story as mere rumor. (他认为这件事是谣言不屑一顾。)

同根词：dismissal 解雇：Martin was not free from a fear of dismissal if he refused to obey. (如果马丁不肯服从，那他就无法摆脱担心被解雇。)

2. reserve vt. 保留；预定；留到以后（再宣布讨论等）：
1) I reserve the right to make my own decision. (我保留做出我自己决定的权利。)
2) I will reserve my opinion at this time. (这次我将保留我的看法。) 
3) The use of this room is reserved to members of the staff. (这个房间的使用权留给内部人员。) 
4) He reserved a table for two.

reserve n. 保留或储备的东西，储备金，储量；后备军人；自然保护区：
1) As I require money quickly I must draw on my reserve. (当我马上需要钱时，我必须利用我的储备金。) 
2) The old man keeps a large reserve of firewood for cold weather. (这位老人保存了大量生火木柴天冷时用。) 
3) the bank’s reserves银行储备金；the gold reserve 黄金储备。
4) Animals are kept in reserves lest they should be shot. (动物关在自然保护区以免被射杀。) 
5) He is a person of reserve. (他是一个沉默寡言的人。)
用于成语：in reserve 保存起来：I still have a little money in reserve. with reserve 有保留地：Clearly, he spoke with reserve, but even so his meaning was quite plain. without reserve 无保留地：We accept your statement without reserve.

reserved adj. 沉默寡言的；有保留的：
1) He was naturally thoughtful and reserved.  
2) reserved consent (有保留的同意)。

reservation 保留(意见)；定（票、座）；保留地：
1) I have no reservation about hiring him.  
2) We make reservations of rooms at a hotel.  
3) The government has set apart Indian reservations. (政府已经划出印第安人保留地。

Text  3

[2002 RC 2]

    Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics – the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.

    As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy – far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.

    But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves – goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”

    Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year of 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

    What they found, in attempting to model