1999年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题

　　63、We can learn from the first paragraph that [].

　　（本题分值：2分）

　　「正确答案」

　　B

　　[注释]这是一道综合判断题。原文1—2行，CLINTON得到有关克隆的消息就宣布他反对克隆人，可得到答案[B]。

　　[A]federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans

　　[B]the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning

　　[C]NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique

　　[D]the White House has got the panel's recommendations on cloning

　　64、The panel agreed on all of the following except that [].

　　（本题分值：2分）

　　「正确答案」

　　C

　　[注释]这是一道是非判断题。本题为“EXCEPT”题型。第12、13行提到“THE PANEL HAS NOT YET AGREED ON……”。

　　[A]the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law

　　[B]the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control

　　[C]it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning

　　[D]it would be against ethical values to clone a human being 转贴于：博学在线_考研

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[10] [11]

　　65、NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because [].

　　（本题分值：2分）

　　「正确答案」

　　D

　　[注释]这是一道细节题。细节题，较简单。原文21—23行提到了原因：法律已经对此作出了规定。

　　[A]embryo research is just a current development of cloning

　　[B]the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research

　　[C]an embryo's life will not be endangered in embryo research

　　[D]the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law

　　66、It can be inferred from the last paragraph that [].

　　（本题分值：2分）

　　「正确答案」

　　A

　　[注释]这是一道推断题。原文第25行“BUT THEY WERE DIVIDED ON……”可推断关于是否彻底禁止克隆人尚有分歧。故答案为[A]。

　　译文解读当苏格兰的一个研究小组透露三个月前他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时，世界为之震惊，克林顿总统迅速作出反应。他宣称他反对利用这种不同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人，并下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验——尽管还没有人提出要这样做——他要求成立一个由普林斯顿大学校长SHAPIRO领导的独立专家小组，在90天内就克隆人研究方面的国家政策问题拿出建议，向白宫汇报。这个专家组名为全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会（NBAC），它此后一直在积极热情地工作，集思广益，写下建议。在5月17日的一次会议上，委员们就接近定稿的建议书达成了一致意见。这是一个新闻体篇。

　　第一段指出克林顿政府对克隆羊的消息的反应不仅迅速而且强烈，并成立了一个专家小组，针对克隆人研究方面的国家政策提出建议。NBAC将要求克林顿总统无限期延长有关联邦基金不能用来克隆人的90天禁令，并且将此立法。但NBAC委员们计划在提案的措辞上更为严谨以避免给克隆人体DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）或细胞等研究带来更多的限制——因为在分子生物研究中这种研究属于常规研究课题。不过，这个专家组在一个关键性问题上尚未达成一致意见，即：是否建议立法，规定利用私人基金克隆人被视为犯罪行为。

　　在5月17日开会讨论的建议序言草稿中，SHAPIRO表示专家们已取得广泛的一致意见，认为“试图用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿是违背伦理道德的。”SHAPIRO在会议期间解释说，伦理道德上的质疑主要源于害怕对婴儿的健康产生危害。然后，专家们非正式地接受了几种一般的结论，虽然某些细节尚未定论。

　　NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止使用联邦政府基金利用人体细胞核来克隆婴孩的企图。因为现行联邦政府法律已经禁止使用联邦基金创造供研究用的胚胎（即出生前人类后代的最早阶段）或有意识地危害胚胎的生命，但NBAC的建议将不反对胚胎的研究。

　　NBAC成员表示：他们呼吁由私人赞助的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核迁移来克隆人。但他们在是否进一步要求联邦以法律完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。SHAPIRO和大多数委员赞成对此立法，但在电话采访中透露，这个问题仍然“悬而未决”。第二、三、四段提出了专家小组的建议和想法。

　　[A]some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely

　　[B]a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time.

　　[C]privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal

　　[D]the issue of human cloning will soon be settled

　　Passage5

　　Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn't they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

　　How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don't have unpredictable things, you don't have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled